A type of central heating system where
heat is generated in one location and
distributed via piping to various other
locations. The term boiler is somewhat
confusing in that hot water systems do not
actually boil the water, but rather heat it
to 160ºF maximum.
Hot water boilers consist of closed and
open systems. Real estate practitioners will
normally encounter only closed systems in
which water in the boiler, piping, and heat
source within individual rooms is under
pressure. Pressure within the system is
normally a few pounds higher than what is
required to force water up to the highest
level within the structure. Closed systems
typically have a circulating pump to force
the water through the system.
Open systems, common prior to the
introduction of the closed system, utilizes
an expansion tank located above the highest
radiator in the structure. This tank
provides for expansion when water is heated
and comes equipped with an overflow pipe.
Open systems do not utilize circulating
pumps as gravity moves the water.
Boiler systems are most commonly
associated with commercial properties,
although hot water systems were popular in
residential property during the early and
mid portions of the twentieth century. All
boiler systems, with the exception of
electric boilers, have two major components:
a heat exchanger and a burner. The heat
exchanger contains the burning fuel on one
side and the water to be heated on the
other. The most common fuels are natural gas
and oil. Burners on hot water systems are
very similar to those on warm-air furnaces.
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