The widened section, usually concrete,
at the base or bottom of a foundation wall,
pier, or column.
The footing
transmits the weight of the structure to the
soil, without allowing the structure to
sink. Footings are typically 16 to 24 inches
wide and 6 to 16 inches thick. Generally,
the heavier the building and the weaker the
soil, the larger the footing required.
When the footings fail, the entire
structure moves causing a situation that can
be expensive and sometimes impossible to
correct. Since the footings are located
below grade and under the basement floor,
the cause of the failure is often difficult
to ascertain. The failure may be restricted
to a single area and not be uniform below
the entire structure. Consequently, the
building may not sink straight down but
rather lean to one side or another.
Frequently, one part of the structure will
pull away from the rest, leading to cracking
of interior and exterior wall surfaces.
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