One component of a system of latitude
and longitude lines to precisely identify
geographic location.
Lines of latitude run parallel to the
equator and are evenly spaced. Lines of
longitude, or meridians, run north and south
and are drawn, due to the curvature of the
earth, so that they converge at the north
and south poles. Lines of longitude and
latitude are indicated in degrees, as are
meridian lines. The meridian that passes
through Greenwich, near London, England, is
labeled 0 degrees. Meridian lines to the
east of this line are labeled in degrees
east longitude up to 180 degrees; meridian
lines to the west are also labeled up to 180
degrees but are in degrees west longitude.
The First Meridian in the western
provinces is at 97 degrees 27' 28.4" west
longitude, approximately 14 miles west of
Winnipeg, and has been identified with an
official marker (or cairn) placed on the
north side of the TransCanada Highway near
Headingly, Manitoba. It was called the First
or Prime Meridian because it was the start
line for the new method of land survey in
Canada and also marked the western limit of
settlement up to that date. Five other
meridians were located to the west of the
Prime Meridian at approximately every 4
degrees longitude.
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