Rules established by various levels of
government dealing with how specific parcels
and individual lots of land may be used. The
means of controlling land usage is called
zoning. Zoning is the setting aside of land
for certain predefined purposes and uses.
For example, in an urban area, some land
falls in residential zones and other land in
commercial zones. If one wishes to sell or
buy property in an area, how the property is
zoned, be it commercial or residential,
could be an important part of the sale. Each
zone type, sometimes referred to as a zoning
district , has its own set of restrictions
regulating how the land in that zone type
may be used. If the property is zoned
commercial, one set of restrictions exist;
if it is zoned residential, different
restrictions apply.
One of the main reasons for zoning
requirements is to ensure that adjacent
lands have compatible uses. Most people
would not want a factory built next to their
house. Air pollution, noise, and other
undesirable factors make the factory and the
house incompatible. To prevent factories
from being built next to houses, residential
zones are established in which factories
cannot be built. Each type of zone has its
own restrictions as to the kind of activity
that can occur there to ensure that the
activities are truly compatible and one does
not interfere with the normal use of the
other.
The objectives
of zoning can be generally described as
follows:
To implement the land use pattern
that is in the best interest of the
community.
To serve as a code of preventive
nuisance law to protect property values.
To ensure that there is an adequate
supply of land in the future.
To promote and protect the aesthetic
environment of the community.
To regulate competition and the tax
base.
To prevent over-extension of
municipal services.
To promote the public health and
morality of the community.
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